Types of Acne on the Face: Distinctions and Causes

GoldSkin > How to Treat Acne > Types of Acne on the Face: Distinctions and Causes

Acne on the face is diverse, including inflammatory acne, hormonal acne, non-inflammatory acne, milia, warts, non-comedonal acne, and cystic acne. Each type has unique characteristics and causes, but they generally arise from improper skincare, hormonal imbalances, and excessive use of cosmetics that clog pores, leading to increased oil secretion.

Tip: It’s essential to thoroughly understand each type of acne to implement suitable skincare and treatment methods.

What is Acne? Causes of Acne

Acne refers to the appearance of bumps of various sizes on areas such as the face, back, neck, chin, chest, shoulders, buttocks, and genitals. These bumps can range from non-painful (mild acne) to swollen (moderate acne) or very painful with pus (severe acne).

Tip: To gain a deeper understanding of acne, you can explore the types of facial acne, including blackheads, whiteheads, comedones, cystic acne, papules, pustules, and nodules.

Several key factors contribute to the development of acne on the face. Below are some primary causes:

1. Hormonal Changes: These are particularly significant during puberty, pregnancy, and perimenopause.

   Example: A teenager may experience acne due to increased androgen levels during puberty.

2. Bacterial Growth: The presence and proliferation of bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes and Demodex mites.

   Example: An increase in P. acnes can exacerbate acne conditions.

3. Poor Dietary Habits: Consuming spicy foods, excessive caffeine, and high-carb foods like soda, bubble tea, pastries, and fries can lead to acne.

   Example: A diet rich in sugary snacks can trigger breakouts in some individuals.

4. Improper Skincare: Inadequate cleansing, failure to exfoliate regularly, and neglecting to use moisturizers properly.

   Example: Not removing makeup thoroughly before bed can lead to clogged pores.

5. Frequent Makeup Use: Overusing cosmetics and using low-quality products can worsen acne.

   Example: Heavy foundations may lead to a buildup of oil and dirt on the skin.

6. Side Effects of Certain Medications: Some drugs containing corticosteroids, testosterone, or lithium can contribute to acne.

   Example: Individuals on corticosteroid therapy might notice an increase in acne.

Distinguishing Between Non-Inflammatory Types of Acne

Non-inflammatory acne refers to types of acne that do not cause pain or redness. Here are common types of non-inflammatory acne:

Blackheads

Definition: Blackheads are one of the most common types of acne that do not cause swelling or inflammation. The plug protrudes above the skin surface, coming into contact with air, leading to oxidation and turning black.

Identification: The skin shows tiny pores with open plugs that are easily visible.

Location: Blackheads typically appear on the nose, forehead, chin, and cheeks.

Causes: Blackheads form due to excess oil, dead skin cells, and dirt that accumulate and clog pores.

Tip: To reduce blackheads, cleanse your face daily and exfoliate regularly.

Whiteheads

Definition: Whiteheads, also known as closed comedones, are non-painful, small white bumps that appear under the skin with closed pores.

Identification: These appear white in color, are small, and can be slightly raised or hidden beneath the skin’s surface.

Location: Commonly found on the nose, forehead, cheeks, and chin.

Causes: Whiteheads develop due to pore clogging from dirt and dead skin cells.

Suggestion: Implement thorough and regular skincare measures to minimize the risk of whiteheads.

Cystic Acne

Definition: Cystic acne lies deep beneath the skin, causing the surface to appear bumpy, rough, and lackluster.

Identification: Cystic acne does not cause swelling and often appears in clusters that expand over time.

Location: Typically located on the chin, forehead, jawline, around the mouth, and cheeks.

Causes: Hormonal imbalances and unhealthy dietary habits can lead to cystic acne.

Tip: To limit cystic acne, maintain a healthy lifestyle and incorporate foods beneficial for the skin.

Papules

Definition: Papules are mild forms of acne that do not cause pain or inflammation.

Identification: Papules appear slightly red or skin-colored and do not contain pus.

Location: They can form on various areas of the face.

Causes: Common during puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, and perimenopause due to hormonal changes.

Tip: Focus on thorough cleansing and makeup removal to limit papule formation.

Distinguishing Between Inflammatory Types of Acne

Inflammatory acne often causes pain, swelling, and may contain pus. Below are common types of inflammatory acne:

Pustules

Definition: Pustules are severe forms of acne that can damage the skin structure.

Identification: These contain white or yellow pus and are relatively large (over 5mm).

Location: Commonly found on the chin, nose, cheeks, and forehead.

Causes: They arise from skin infections, excess oil, dead skin cells, dirt, and bacteria.

Tip: Limit touching your face and use appropriate acne treatment products to avoid worsening the condition.

Inflammatory Papules

Definition: Inflammatory papules originate from blackheads or whiteheads.

Identification: These cause discomfort, often contain pus, and appear swollen.

Location: Can develop on any facial area, particularly on the forehead.

Causes: Oil buildup within hair follicles triggers inflammatory reactions.

Suggestion: Follow a balanced diet and get adequate rest to help reduce skin inflammation.

Cystic Acne

Definition: Cystic acne, or nodular acne, is a common variant of acne.

Identification: These are large, raised lesions on the skin that can be painful.

Location: Often seen on the face, neck, back, and chest.

Causes: The buildup of sebum, bacteria, and dirt leads to this condition.

Tip: Avoid popping cystic acne, as this may lead to more severe infections.

Furuncles

Definition: Furuncles are infected lumps formed under the skin.

Identification: They contain pus, causing pain and discomfort.

Location: Can occur on any area of the skin, most commonly on the cheeks and face.

Causes: Clogged pores and thickening of hair follicles.

Tip: Maintain good skin hygiene and refrain from touching the face to prevent this condition.

Pustular Acne

Definition: Pustular acne is an inflammatory type filled with pus.

Identification: Pustular acne is often large, noticeable, with pus inside, and easily ruptured.

Location: Typically appears on oily areas such as the face, back, and chest.

Causes: Results from bacterial infiltration, dirt, and oil accumulation.

Tip: Keep your skin clean and use gentle skincare products to prevent worsening acne.

Nodular Acne

Definition: Nodular acne occurs due to clogged pores, forming hard lumps.

Identification: These are bump-like and do not contain pus but can be itchy.

Location: Commonly found on the chin, cheeks, and forehead.

Causes: The accumulation of sebum, bacteria, and dead skin cells that are not adequately cleared.

Tip: Regularly care for your skin and avoid unsuitable products for your skin type.

Effective Skincare for Acne-Prone Skin

1. Keep Your Face Clean: Wash your face at least twice daily with suitable products.

2. Exfoliate Regularly: Remove dead skin to keep pores clear.

3. Moisturize: Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to hydrate without clogging pores.

4. Use Acne Treatment Products: Opt for products containing salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide for effective acne treatment.

5. Maintain a Healthy Diet: Limit greasy and sugary foods while increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables.

6. Stay Hydrated: Drink enough water to maintain skin moisture and aid detoxification.

7. Get Adequate Sleep: Sleep allows the body to recover and boosts skin resistance.

Conclusion

Understanding the types of acne on the face and their causes is crucial for effective treatment and skincare methods. If acne persists or worsens, consult a dermatologist for timely advice and treatment